I wish to move to Kazan and become a permanent resident of the Russian Federation. I am retiring from my job in America. I will have my retirement income, but I wish also to work. I have found a school in Kazan that is interested in hiring me. What is the proper method of obtaining permanent res…

You need to go to Russia and marry russian women, its the start of your russian nationality/.

I was born in India and hold Indian passport. I work in USA for past 3-4 year . I am planning to marry a Russian girl. What immigration status i will be eligible to apply for after marriage?

No, there is no any special low which can provide you with visa if you are not married with your fiance, even you have common children. You can come to Russia to marry and make permission for temporary residence without quotas for three years.